The IAA One Minute Blog

New tests to detect diseases are in the works according to researchers. Read on to learn more.

Multiple Sclerosis Antibodies

An early marker of multiple sclerosis could help doctors learn who will develop the disease, a new study says.

In every 1 in 10 cases of MS, the body will begin to produce a distinctive set of antibodies in the blood, years before symptoms begin to appear, researchers reported.

The antibody pattern was 100% predictive of a MS diagnosis, researchers found. Every patient who carried this set of antibodies went on to develop MS.

For this study, researchers screened blood samples taken from 250 MS patients collected before and after their diagnosis and compared them to blood samples of healthy people.

Researchers hope these antibodies will someday form the basis of a simple blood test to screen for MS.

The research was published in the journal, “Nature Medicine.”  

New Test for Prostate Cancer

Researchers may have developed a urine test which will determine the aggression level of prostate cancer. Currently, an invasive biopsy is the only way to figure this out.

Prostate cancer’s level of aggression is measured on the Gleason score, with tumors scoring a Gleason Grade Group 2 (GG2) or higher are more likely to grow and spread than those rated Grade Group 1 (GG1).

The new test was found to be effective in spotting tumors with a GG2 score and was 100% effective in detecting GG1 tumors.

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Pancreatic cancer has been making headlines. Read on to see what researchers have to say about this disease.

Vaccine for Pancreatic Cancer

A pancreatic cancer vaccine has continued to protect a small group of patients from having their cancer come back three years after receiving the shot, a new study says.

Eight patients have not had their pancreatic cancer recur for three years after their immune systems responded to the vaccine, researchers reported.

Even after successful surgery, only about 12 percent of patients are alive five years after diagnosis, according to the American Association of Clinical Oncology.

The mRNA-based vaccine teaches the immune system to identify and attack cancer cells, using 20 unique proteins exclusively present in a patient’s tumor. The vaccine is specially made for each patient, based on the specific mutations found in their cancer.

The research team compared eight patients who responded to the vaccine with eight patients who did not. All had undergone surgery to remove their cancer.

Those who did not respond to the vaccine had an average recurrence-free survival rate of 13 months, results show. But those whose immune systems did learn from the vaccine have remained cancer free for three years, researchers said.

Blood Test for Pancreatic Cancer

A blood test appears capable of detecting early-stage pancreatic cancers with up to 97 percent accuracy, a new study reports.

The test looks for eight small RNA particles and eight larger DNA markers shed by pancreatic cancers which together create a genetic “signature” for the disease, researchers said.

An earlier trial of this blood test in 95 patients from the United States and Japan found a detection rate of 98 percent.

This latest trial involved 523 people with pancreatic cancer and 461 healthy people.

The blood test detected:

• 93 percent of pancreatic cancers among U.S. participants
• 91 percent of pancreatic cancers among South Koreans participants
• 88 percent of pancreatic cancers among Chinese participants

Pancreatic cancer often does not cause symptoms until the disease is advanced.

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Scientists have found that the brains of humans and other mammals have a system for choosing which life experiences are important enough to be cemented into long-term memory, and which will be allowed to fade away.

Choosing Memories

Experiments in mice revealed that during waking hours, cells in the brain’s hippocampus spark in a specific pattern called “sharp-wave ripples” which tag important experiences for movement into long-term memory storage during sleep.

Researchers put mice through a maze that had a sugary reward at the end for those who were able to reach it. The team then monitored the activity of nerve cells through electrodes implanted in the rodent brains that fed data into computer programs.

They observed that as the mice paused to eat the treat, their brains sparked sharp-wave ripples that were repeated as many as 20 times. The day-time pattern of sharp-wave ripples was replayed during the night, a process that moved the experience into long-term memory storage.

It is during sleep when experiences from working hours deemed to be important are converted into enduring memories.

Events that were followed by very few or no sharp-wave ripples failed to form lasting memories, researchers noted.

The study was published in “Science.”

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Researchers say they have identified a gene mutation that causes the skin disease psoriasis.

Gene Mutation Discovery

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory condition that causes red, scaly, itchy patches on the skin.

Researchers used a mouse model to identify a mutation in a gene known as IKBKB that causes a group of immune cells, called regulating T-cells, to misfire.

These cells are normally gatekeepers of the immune system; however the mutation causes them to contribute to inflammation.

What is Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a skin disease that causes a rash with itchy, scaly patches, most commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk, and scalp. Common signs of psoriasis include:

• A patchy rash that varies widely in how it looks from person to person
• Cyclic rashes that flare for a few weeks or months and then subside
• Dry, cracked skin that may bleed
• Itching, burning or soreness
• Rashes that vary in color
• Small scaling spots

Psoriasis is a chronic condition with no cure. Treatments are available to help manage symptoms.

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Petting, walking and playing with a dog decreases stress and increases the power of brian waves associated with relaxation, a new study suggests.

Caring for Animals

To better gauge how animal-related activities influence mood, investigators recruited 30 adult participants in their 20s to 40s, to engage in eight activities with a four-year old female poodle.

Animal-assisted activities with the dog consisted of meeting, playing, feeding, massaging, grooming, photographs, hugging, and walking.

Participants wore electroencephalography electrodes to record electrical activity from the brain during interactions with the dog. They also recorded their subjective emotional state immediately after each activity. All the activities were completed in 60 minutes.

Participants reported feeling much less fatigued, depressed, and stressed after all dog-related activities.

Researchers found that participants’ alpha brain waves, which indicate stability and relaxation, became stronger when they played with the dog and when they took her for a walk.

Beta brain waves, which are associated with attention and concentration, became stronger when participants played with the poodle, brushed it, or gave the dog a gentle massage.

The study was published in PLOS One online.

Pets and Your Health

Being a pet owner does provide benefits to your health: 

• Help manage depression by giving companionship
• Increased opportunities to exercise, get outside and socialize
• Regular walking and playing with pets decrease blood pressure, cholesterol levels and triglyceride levels

Most households in the United States have at least one pet.

What IAA has to Say

 Insurance Administrator of America knows that dogs are man’s best friend! IAA wants you and your furry pals to have healthy lives together.